Creation Science Magazines, Journals, and Articles

Acts & Facts by the Institute for Creation Research. A monthly news magazine which contains articles and information of current interest dealing with creation, evolution, and related topics. Free subscription.

Answers Magazine by Answers in Genesis. Illustrating the importance of Genesis in building a creation-based worldview, and to equip readers with practical answers so they can confidently communicate the gospel and biblical authority with accuracy and graciousness. Paid subscription - $24.00 / year in USA.

Answers Research Journal by Answers in Genesis. A professional, peer-reviewed technical journal for the publication of interdisciplinary scientific and other relevant research from the perspective of the recent Creation and the global Flood within a biblical framework. Free subscription.

Creation Illustrated Purposes to share the wonders of God's creation. By revealing fresh insights of His infinite wisdom, gentle touch, undeniable justice, redeeming love, and flawless design, pure truth shall bring renewed peace. Each part of this publication is offered as a reprieve from the daily rigors of life so that all can look to the future with unbridled gratitude and hope. Paid subscription - $15.00 / year.

Creation Magazine by Creation Ministries International. A quarterly 56-page full-color family magazine gives God the glory, refutes evolution, and gives you the answers to defend your faith and uphold the true history of the world found in Genesis. Paid subscription - $25.00 / year.

CRS Quarterly Journal by the Creation Research Society. Contains peer-reviewed scholarly articles which represent perspectives on science and society as impacted by origins as well as emphasis on scientific evidence supporting intelligent design, a recent creation, and a catastrophic worldwide flood. Paid subscription - $38.00 / year in USA.

Journal of Creation by Creation Ministries International. Brings you in-depth, peer-reviewed comments, reviews and the latest research findings that relate to origins and the biblical account of Creation, the Flood and the Fall. Paid subscription - $39.00 / year.

Journal Authors and Articles

David Cavanaugh - Analysis of Patterns In an attempt to find a way to determine baramins without reproduction, David Cavanaugh introduced the Analysis of Patterns (ANOPA) technique. This technique makes characteristics of the animal a distinct statistical dimension which is placed into a multi-dimensional space. It is later simplified to a three dimensional grid. Different kinds should come out to different spaces on the grid and show the distinct groups.

• Cavanaugh, D.P. and T.C. Wood. 2002. A baraminological analysis of the tribe Heliantheae sensu lato (Asteraceae) using Analysis of Pattern (ANOPA). Occasional Papers of the BSG 1:1-11.
• Cavanaugh, D.P., T.C. Wood, and K.P. Wise. 2003. Fossil Equidae: a monobaraminic, stratomorphic series. In: Ivey, R.L., ed. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Creationism. Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 143-153.

Harold Clark - Moral Rule Harold Clark was one of the first official writers in the field of Baraminology. His concept of 'after his kind' was a moral rule that should not be broken. He was an advocate of natural selection within orders, families, and genera.

Tom Hennigan Degrees include: AAS in Forest Technology, BS in Natural Resources Management, and an MPS in Environmental and Forest Biology.

• Hennigan, T. 2005. An initial investigation into the baraminology of snakes: order - Squamata, suborder Serpentes. Creation Research Society Quarterly 42(3):153-160.
• Hennigan, T. 2010. The case for holobaraminic status in bears (family Ursidae) and the implications within a creation model of ecology. Creation Research Society Quarterly 46:271-283.
• Hennigan, T. 2013a. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering amphibian kinds within the orders Caudata and Gymnophiona. Answers Research Journal 6:17-34.
• Hennigan, T. 2013b. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering the frog kinds on the ark: order Anura. Answers Research Journal 6:335-365.
• Hennigan, T. 2014a. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering the ark turtle and crocodile kinds. Answers Research Journal 7:1-10.
• Hennigan, T. 2014b. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering extant tuatara, amphisbaena, and snake kinds. Answers Research Journal 7:31-47.
• Hennigan, T. 2015. An initial estimation of the numbers and identification of extant non-snake/non-amphisbaenian lizard kinds: order Squamata. Answers Research Journal 8:171-186.

Jean Lightner Dr Lightner worked just over three years as a veterinary medical officer for the US Department of Agriculture before resigning to stay at home to raise and teach her four children. Jean Lightner has worked with classification of birds and mammals as well as genetic recombination.

• Lightner, J.K. 2006a. Identification of species within the sheep-goat kind (Tsoan monobaramin). Journal of Creation 20:61-65.
• Lightner, J.K. 2006b. The baraminic status of the family Cervidae as determined using interspecific hybrid data. Occasional Papers of the BSG 8:12-13.
• Lightner, J.K. 2007. Identification of species within the cattle monobaramin. Journal of Creation 21:119-122.
• Lightner, J.K. 2010. Identification of a large sparrow-finch monobaramin in perching birds (Aves: Passeriformes). Journal of Creation 24:117-121.
• Lightner, J.K. 2012. Mammalian ark kinds. Answers Research Journal 5:151-204.
• Lightner, J. 2013. An initial estimate of avian ark kinds. Answers Research Journal 6:409-466.
• Lightner, J., T. Hennigan, G. Purdom, and B. Hodge. 2011. Determining the ark kinds. Answers Research Journal 4:195-201.

Frank Marsh - Biological Law Frank Marsh is credited with coining the term 'baramin' which is a combination of the Hebrew words 'bara' (to create) and 'min' (kind). . For Marsh, 'after his kind' was a biological law (rather than a moral law) and emphasized the importance of reproduction and successful hybridization. He emphasized interbreeding as a method of determining kinds. This, in effect, defined a created kind at the highest taxonomic level which could interbreed. He changed in his later years when he followed morphological considerations more than reproductive ones. Quite often, though, he found differences in morphology and reproduction went together.

Walter ReMine - Discontinuity Systematics Walter ReMine brought the concept of Discontinuity Systematics into the realm of Baraminology. Discontinuities are described as "large scale morphological gaps and an absence of large-scale phylogeny”. Simply put, this means that there were big differences in appearance and no line of distinct ancestral lines from which it came. This was an important concept since the Theory of Evolution has no place for discontinuities. In fact, quite the opposite is true in that Evolution must look for connecting relationships. This work also brought the phrase ‘successive approximation’ in as studies come closer and closer to the proper boundaries of created kinds.

Marcus Ross Degrees include: BS in Earth Science, MS in Paleontology, and Ph.D. in Environmental Science.

• Ross, M. 2014. Fossil baramins on Noah's ark: the 'amphibians.' Answers Research Journal 7:331-355.

Roger Sanders - Cognitum Roger Sanders added the concept of Cognitum, or a grouping of creatures that seem to naturally go together by use of the senses. However, this type of grouping can be both inside and outside of a kind. For example, one would likely group all of the birds together because of their feathers, yet this is much greater in scope than a single kind. The general differences between cows, horse, and pigs would be enough evidence to the senses to tell that they belong to different kinds. Although imprecise, it does find usefulness where hybridization data is lacking.

• Sanders, R.W. 2012. Baraminological analysis of the Asteraceae. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 2:4-5.
• Sanders, R.W. 2013. The fossil record of angiosperm families in relation to baraminology. In: Horstemeyer, M., ed. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh.
• Sanders, R.W. 2015. Testing for bias in an original baraminic distance dataset. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 5:6-7.
• Sanders, R.W. 2016. Evidence for the holobaramin status of the Verbenaceae (Verbena family). Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 6:81-90.
• Sanders, R.W. and T.C. Wood. 2016. Creation and carnivory in the pitcher plants of Nepenthaceae and Sarraceniaceae. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 6:70'80.

Siegfried Scherer - Extended Hybridization Siegfried Scherer also worked with hybridization, but he took it in a different direction. He allowed either two animals to hybridize with each other (as others did above) or each with a third organism. In other words, if A can breed with C and B can breed with C then A and B can be considered as the same kind along with C. He also suggested that true fertilization must go passed the early stages of embryogenesis. He suggested that fertilization is not enough to be considered successful because the first few divisions of the cell can be strictly through maternal control. He suggested that there must be a successful expression of both paternal and maternal genes.

• Scherer, S. 1993a. Der grundtyp der Entenartigen (Anatidae, Anseriformes): Biologische und pal'ontologische Streiflichter. In: Scherer, S., ed. Typen des Lebens. Pascal-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 131-158.
• Scherer, S. 1993b. Basic types of life. In: Scherer, S., ed. Typen des Lebens. Pascal-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 11-30.

Kurt Wise - Revelatory Species Concept Kurt Wise is credited with first using the term 'baraminology' when he stated the need for a creationist biosystematics. The Revelatory Species Concept is based on Romans 1:18-20 which, according to Wise, "suggests that God created the universe with physical illustrations of His invisible attributes and God created humans with the ability to recognize those illustrations." The concept states that organisms were created in recognizable groups, distinct from all other groups, and display the basic characteristics of the Creator. It is illustrated as brushstrokes in painting with species representing the finest brushstrokes. Humans are regarded as able to innately recognize species and nested hierarchies that reflect creation's design.

• Wise, K.P. 2005. Interspecific hybrids in the Solanaceae. Occasional Papers of the BSG 5:17-18.
• Wise, K.P. 2009. Mammal kinds: how many were on the Ark? CORE Issues in Creation 5:129-161.
• Wise, K.P. 2015. Paleontological notes on the baraminology of frogs. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 5:7.

Todd Wood - Statistical Baraminology Dr. Wood is a graduate of Liberty University and the University of Virginia. He worked for thirteen years at Bryan College before starting Core Academy of Science. Dr. Wood authored or co-authored more than 40 technical papers, and he currently serves as president of the Creation Biology Society. Todd Wood works heavily with statistical baraminology. This includes the use of multidimensional scaling which also statistically measures the distance between one baramin and another. This method has typically shown a large baraminic distance around the rank of family. This strongly suggests that the most common comparison of a Created Kind with modern taxonomy is the family level.

• Wood, T.C. 2002. A baraminology tutorial with examples from the grasses (Poaceae). TJ 16(1):15-25.
• Wood, T.C. 2005a. A creationist review of the history, geology, climate, and biology of the Gal'pagos Islands. CORE Issues in Creation 1:1-241.
• Wood, T.C. 2005b. Visualizing baraminic distances using classical multidimensional scaling. Origins 57:9-29.
• Wood, T.C. 2006. The current status of baraminology. Creation Research Society Quarterly 43(3):149-158.
• Wood, T.C. 2008. Animal and Plant Baramins. CORE Issues in Creation 3:1-258.
• Wood, T.C. 2010. Baraminological analysis places Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Australopithecus sediba in the human holobaramin. Answers Research Journal 3:71-90.
• Wood, T.C. 2011a. Terrestrial mammal families and creationist perspectives on speciation. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 1:2-5.
• Wood, T.C. 2011b. Using creation science to demonstrate evolution? Senter's strategy revisited. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24:914-918.
• Wood, T.C. 2012. The uncertain baraminology of the Ericaceae. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 2:5.
• Wood, T.C. 2013a. Australopithecus sediba, statistical baraminology, and challenges to identifying the human holobaramin. In: Horstemeyer, M., ed. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh.
• Wood, T.C. 2013b. The value of dental characters for resolving the baraminic status of Australopithecus sediba. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 3:4-5.
• Wood, T.C. 2014a. Two kinds of varmints: The Baraminology of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 4:12-18.
• Wood, T.C. 2014b. Further investigations of the baraminology of weevils (Curculionidae): Is Platypodinae a holobaramin? Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 4:29.
• Wood, T.C. 2016a. An evaluation of Homo naledi and 'early' Homo from a young-age creationist perspective. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 6:14-30.
• Wood, T.C. 2016b. Baraminological analysis of cranial characters implies that Homo floresiensis was human. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 6:66-67.
• Wood, T.C. 2016c. There is probably more than one ratite holobaramin. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B: Life Sciences 6:67.
• Wood, T.C. and D.P. Cavanaugh. 2001. A baraminological analysis of subtribe Flaveriinae (Asteraceae) and the origin of biological complexity. Origins 52:7-27.
• Wood, T.C., P.J. Williams, K.P. Wise, and D.A. Robinson. 1999. Summaries on camel baraminology. In: Robinson, D.A. and P.J. Williams, eds. Baraminology'99: Creation Biology for the 21st Century. Baraminology Study Group, pp. 9-18.
• Wood, T.C., K.P. Wise, R. Sanders, and N. Doran. 2003. A refined baramin concept. Occasional Papers of the BSG 3:1-14.

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